The LL.B. degree is one of the most recognized academic qualifications in the field of law. Aspiring lawyers, judges, and legal scholars often begin their journey with this course. While the term “LL.B.” is widely used, few know its full form, origins, and why it is written in this particular way. This article explores the meaning, history, and relevance of LL.B., supported by credible references.
Full Form of LL.B.
The abbreviation LL.B. stands for Legum Baccalaureus in Latin, which translates to Bachelor of Laws in English.
- Legum is the plural form of lex, meaning “law” in Latin.
- Baccalaureus means “bachelor” or “undergraduate degree holder.”
Thus, LL.B. literally means “Bachelor of Laws.” The double L in LL.B. is used to indicate the plural “laws” rather than a single “law,” signifying that the course covers various branches of law — constitutional law, criminal law, civil law, corporate law, and more.
Reference:
- Oxford University Press, A Dictionary of Law (10th Ed., 2022).
- University of London, “History of the LL.B. degree” (Official Website).
Why Is It Called LL.B. Instead of BL?
Some countries, such as India and the United Kingdom, retain the historical Latin abbreviation “LL.B.” rather than using “BL” for “Bachelor of Law.” This tradition comes from medieval European universities where Latin was the language of learning and scholarship.
The repetition of “L” is not a typo — it follows the Latin convention of doubling a letter to denote the plural form. In the same way, “pp.” is used for “pages” (plural of “page”).
Reference:
- Garner, Bryan A., Garner’s Dictionary of Legal Usage, Oxford University Press (2011).
Historical Origins of LL.B.
The LL.B. degree originated in England during the Middle Ages, when universities such as Oxford and Cambridge began teaching law as an academic discipline. Initially, these degrees focused on canon law (church law) and Roman law. Over time, with the growth of the common law system, the LL.B. became the standard academic route for legal training in many countries that inherited the British legal system.
India adopted the LL.B. system during the colonial period, and it continues to be the primary academic qualification for legal practice, regulated by the Bar Council of India.
Reference:
- Sir William Holdsworth, A History of English Law, Vol. II, Sweet & Maxwell (1923).
Modern Relevance of LL.B.
Today, an LL.B. is typically a three-year graduate program or a five-year integrated program in India. It equips students with foundational knowledge of legal principles, statutes, and case law, preparing them for careers in advocacy, judiciary, corporate consultancy, academia, and public policy.
The LL.B. is also the stepping stone to advanced legal degrees such as LL.M. (Legum Magister — Master of Laws) and Ph.D. in Law.
Conclusion
The LL.B. degree is more than just an academic qualification; it carries centuries of history and tradition. Its Latin roots reflect the deep scholarly heritage of law as a discipline, while its modern curriculum addresses contemporary legal challenges. Whether one sees it as “Legum Baccalaureus” or “Bachelor of Laws,” the LL.B. remains a symbol of entry into the noble profession of law.
